Figure 1.

Phase I: Activation. Based on direct experimental evidence, suppose that in response to electrical stimuli, an increased phosphatidylinositol turnover leads to elevated intracellular phospholipid. This in turn could induce post-translational modification of the monomer subunits of E-NTPase/E-NTPDase in the intracellular milieu. Subsequently, the monomers are translocated to the membrane, depending on the tissue type(s) and functional requirement(s).